openpower/sv/setvl.mdwn

   1 [[!tag standards]]
   2
   3 # OpenPOWER SV setvl/setvli
   4
   5 See links:
   6
   7 * <http://lists.libre-soc.org/pipermail/libre-soc-dev/2020-November/001366.html>
   8 * <https://bugs.libre-soc.org/show_bug.cgi?id=535>
   9 * <https://bugs.libre-soc.org/show_bug.cgi?id=568> TODO
  10 * <https://github.com/riscv/riscv-v-spec/blob/master/v-spec.adoc#vsetvlivsetvl-instructions>
  11
  12 Use of setvl results in changes to the MVL, VL and STATE SPRs. see [[sv/sprs]]♧
  13
  14 # Behaviour and Rationale
  15
  16 SV's Vector Engine is based on Cray-style Variable-length Vectorisation,
  17 just like RVV.  However unlike RVV, SV sits on top of the standard Scalar
  18 regfiles: there is no separate Vector register numbering.  Therefore, also
  19 unlike RVV, SV does not have hard-coded "Lanes".  The relevant parameter
  20 in RVV is "MAXVL" and this is architecturally hard-coded into RVV systems,
  21 anywhere from 1 to tens of thousands of Lanes in supercomputers.
  22
  23 SV is more like how MMX used to sit on top of the x86 FP regfile.  Therefore
  24 when Vector operations are performed, the question has to be asked, "well,
  25 how much of the regfile do you want to allocate to this operation?" because if it is too small an amount performance may be affected, and if too large then other registers would overlap and cause data  corruption, or even if allocated correctly would require spill to memory.
  26
  27 The answer effectively needs to be parameterised.  Hence: MAXVL
  28 (MVL) is set from an immediate, so that the compiler may decide, statically, a guaranteed resource allocation according to the needs of the application.
  29
  30 Other than being able to set MVL, SV's VL (Vector Length) works just like RVV's VL, with one minor twist.  RVV permits the `setvl` instruction to set VL to an arbitrary value.  Given that RVV only works on Vector Loops, this is fine and part of its value and design.  However, SV sits on top of the standard register files.  When MVL=VL=2, a Vector Add on `r3` will perform two Scalar Adds: one on `r3` and one on `r4`.
  31
  32 Thus there is the opportunity to set VL to an explicit value (within the limits of MVL) with the reasonable expectation that if two operations are requested (by setting VL=2) then two operations are guaranteed.  This avoids the need for a loop (with not-insignificant use of the regfiles for counters), simply two
  33 instructions:
  34
  35     setvli r0, MVL=64, VL=64
  36     ld r0.v, 0(r30) # load 64 registers from memory
  37
  38 Page Faults etc. aside this is *guaranteed* 100% without fail to perform 64 unit-strided LDs starting from the address pointed to by r30 and put the contents into r0 through r63.  Thus it becomes a "LOAD-MULTI". Twin Predication could even be used to only load relevant registers from the stack.  This *only works if VL is set to the requested value* rather than, as in RVV, allowing the hardware to set VL to an arbitrary value (caveat being, limited to not exceed MVL)
  39
  40 # Format
  41
  42 *(Allocation of opcode TBD pending OPF ISA WG approval)*
  43
  44 Form: SVL-Form (see [[isatables/fields.text]])
  45
  46 | 0.5|6.10|11.15|16..23  | 24.25  | 26...30 |31|  name   |
  47 | -- | -- | --- | ------ | ------ | ------- |--| ------- |
  48 | 19 | RT | RA  | SVi // | vs ms  | XO[0:4] |Rc| setvl   |
  49
  50 Note that the immediate (`SVi`) spans 7 bits (16 to 22), and that bit 22 and 23 is reserved and must be zero.  Setting bit 22 or 23 causes an illegal exception.
  51
  52 `ms` - bit 25 - allows for setting of MVL.  `vs` - bit 24 - allows for
  53 setting of VL.
  54
  55 Note that in immediate setting mode VL and MVL start from **one** i.e. that an immediate value of zero will result in VL/MVL being set to 1.  0b111111 results in VL/MVL being set to 64. This is because setting VL/MVL to 1 results in "scalar identity" behaviour, where setting VL/MVL to 0 would result in all Vector operations becoming `nop`.  If this is truly desired (nop behaviour) then setting VL and MVL to zero is to be done via the [[SV SPRs|sv/sprs]]
  56
  57 Note that setmvli is a pseudo-op, based on RA/RT=0, and setvli likewise
  58
  59     setvli VL=8    : setvl r5, r0, VL=8
  60     setmvli MVL=8  : setvl r0, r0, MVL=8
  61
  62 Additional pseudo-op for obtaining VL without modifying it:
  63
  64     getvl r5       : setvl r5, r0, vs=0, ms=0
  65
  66 Note that whilst it is possible to set both MVL and VL from the same immediate, it is not possible to set them to different immediates in the same instruction.  That would require two instructions.
  67
  68 # Pseudocode
  69
  70     // instruction fields:
  71     rd = get_rt_field();         // bits 6..10
  72     ra = get_ra_field();         // bits 11..15
  73     vs = get_vs_field();         // bit 24
  74     ms = get_ms_field();         // bit 25
  75     Rc = get_Rc_field();         // bit 31
  76     // add one. MVL/VL=1..64 not 0..63
  77     vlimmed = get_immed_field()+1; //  16..22
  78
  79     // set VL (or not).
  80     // 3 options: from SPR, from immed, from ra
  81     if vs {
  82        // VL to be sourced from fields/regs
  83        if ra != 0 {
  84            VL = GPR[ra]
  85        } else {
  86            VL = vlimmed
  87        }
  88     } else {
  89        // VL not to change (except if MVL is reduced)
  90        // read from SPRs
  91        VL = SPR[SV_VL]
  92     }
  93
  94     // set MVL (or not).
  95     // 2 options: from SPR, from immed
  96     if ms {
  97        MVL = vlimmed
  98     } else {
  99        // MVL not to change, read from SPRs
 100        MVL = SPR[SV_MVL]
 101     }
 102
 103     // calculate (limit) VL
 104     VL = min(VL, MVL)
 105
 106     // store VL, MVL
 107     SPR[SV_VL] = VL
 108     SPR[SV_MVL] = MVL
 109
 110     // write rd
 111     if rt != 0 {
 112         // rt is not zero
 113         regs[rt] = VL;
 114     }
 115     // write CR?
 116     if Rc {
 117         // update CR from VL (not rt)
 118         CR0.eq = (VL == 0)
 119         ...
 120         ...
 121     }
 122
 123 # Examples
 124
 125 ## Core concept loop
 126
 127     loop:
 128     setvl a3, a0, MVL=8    #  update a3 with vl
 129                            # (# of elements this iteration)
 130                            # set MVL to 8
 131     # do vector operations at up to 8 length (MVL=8)
 132     # ...
 133     sub a0, a0, a3   # Decrement count by vl
 134     bnez a0, loop    # Any more?
 135
 136 ## Loop using Rc=1
 137
 138     my_fn:
 139       li r3, 1000
 140       b test
 141     loop:
 142       sub r3, r3, r4
 143       ...
 144     test:
 145       setvli. r4, r3, MVL=64
 146       bne cr0, loop
 147     end:
 148       blr